Prospect and adversity of artificial intelligence in urology

Abstract The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened a new avenue for tackling existing challenges in clinical routine. This chapter will briefly introduce potential applications of AI in urology and focus on its benefits and barriers in solving real clinical problems. First, the introduction section will generally discuss AI and existing data resources. Then, the chapter will explain the potential application of AI in urological endoscopy, urine, stone and andrology, imaging and the robotic surgery. Further, this chapter will briefly discuss some tools of risk predictions for urological cancer. Finally, the author will discuss the potential future direction of AI in urology.