Trolls, Water, Time, and Community: Resource Management in the Mývatn District of Northeast Iceland

The Mývatn area in northeast Iceland has been occupied by farming communities since the arrival of Viking Age settlers in the late ninth century. Despite its inland location and relatively high elevation, this lake basin was affected by continuous human occupation through periods of harsh climate, volcanic eruptions, epidemics, and world system impacts. Mývatn’s residents have practised farming, fishing, egg-collecting, and hunting activities for over a millennium. They managed the landscape and its resources with the use of traditional knowledge, which included the story of the troll woman, Kraka, who lived in a cave in the mountain Blafjall (“Blue Mountain”). The story of Kraka and the river Kraka that bears her name provides a striking metaphor for the landscape history including water resources and environmental changes the agricultural community sustained over time.