Predicting Impairment in Major Life Activities and Occupational Functioning in Hyperactive Children as Adults: Self-Reported Executive Function (EF) Deficits Versus EF Tests

Hyperactivity in children, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is associated with impairments in various major life activities by adulthood, particularly occupational functioning. ADHD appears to involve deficits in executive functioning (EF). Prior studies have not examined the contribution of these deficits to adult impairment generally and occupational adjustment specifically in longitudinal studies of hyperactive/ADHD children. We did so assessing EF by both self-report and tests and using self and other-rated impairment in 10 domains of major life activities and 12 measures of occupational impairment. We studied hyperactive (H; N = 135) and community control children (C; N = 75) followed to adulthood (mean age 27 years). The H cases were subdivided into those whose ADHD did (ADHD–P) and did not persist (ADHD–NP) using modified DSM-IV criteria. Self-reported EF deficits were more severe on all five EF scales in the ADHD–P than both the ADHD–NP and C groups and on three scales in the AD...