Computational and optical methods for improving resolution and signal quality in fluorescence microscopy

We present efficient algorithms for image restoration using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method. Assuming Gaussian or Poisson statistics of the noise and either a Gaussian or an entropy prior distribution for the image, corresponding functionals are formulated and minimized to produce MAP estimations. Efficient algorithms are presented for finding the minimum of these functionals in the presence of non-negativity and support constraints. Performance was tested by using simulated three-dimensional (3D) imaging with a fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope. Results are compared with those from two existing algorithms for superresolution in fluorescence imaging. An example is given of the restoration of a 3D confocal image of a biological specimen.