Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Combined With DWI at 3-T MRI for Detection and Assessment of Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to explore whether diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) combined with DWI can improve the performance of DWI in detection and assessment of aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred twenty patients with complete DK and MR images and diagnosis confirmed by prostate biopsy, including 67 patients with PCa and 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with PCa were divided into a low-grade PCa group (Gleason score [GS] ≤ 3 + 3) and intermediate- and high-grade PCa group (GS ≥ 3 + 4). A DKI-derived parameter (i.e., apparent kurtosis coefficient [Kapp]) and a DWI-derived parameter (i.e., apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) were fitted. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test, t test, ROC curves, Delong test, and Spearman correlation were performed. RESULTS. Ninety ROIs in 67 patients with PCa were drawn, including ROIs in 37 low-grade tumors and ROIs in 53 intermediate- and...