Magnetic relaxation induced by transverse flux shaking in MgB2 superconductors

We report on measurements and numerical simulations of the behavior of MgB2 superconductors when magnetic field components are applied along mutually perpendicular directions. By closely matching the geometry in simulations and measurements, full quantitative agreement is found. The critical state theory and a single phenomenological law, i.e. the field dependence of the critical current density Jc(B), are sufficient for a full quantitative description of the measurements. These were performed in thick strips of carbon nanotube doped MgB2 samples. Magnetization was measured in two orthogonal directions using a SQUID magnetometer. Magnetic relaxation effects induced by the application of an oscillatory perpendicular field were observed and simulated numerically. The measurements confirm the numerical predictions, that two relaxation regimes appear, depending on the amplitude of the applied magnetic field. The overall agreement constitutes a convincing validation of the critical state model and the numerical procedures used. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)