La percepción de la estética dental: Comparación entre dentistas, especialistas dentales y gente de la calle. Revisión sistemática

espanolLa estetica dental no es solo uno de los motivos mas frecuentes de tratamiento ortodoncico, sino que tambien es el principal criterio que el paciente emplea para evaluar el resultado de dicho tratamiento. Esto nos llevo a cuestionarnos si lo que el paciente considera bello es lo mismo que lo que tanto el odontologo como el especialista entienden como tal. En enero de 2014, siguiendo la declaracion PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses), efectuamos una revision sistematica de la literatura con el fin de determinar si en trabajos de la literatura se han contemplado discrepancias, ya sean de forma racional o emocional, en la percepcion de la estetica dental entre los tres grupos considerados. Realizamos una busqueda electronica y manual en las principales bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, Embase, IME y SciELO, y seleccionamos aquellos articulos publicados en ingles o espanol en los que los participantes realizaran una valoracion o eleccion de las imagenes desde una vision frontal. Se obtuvieron un total de 416 articulos. Despues de leer el titulo, la muestra se redujo a 71 articulos, de los cuales 58 fueron descartados una vez aplicados los criterios de inclusion-exclusion y eliminar los repetidos. Tras analizar un total de 38 articulos (38 estudios transversales), se concluyo que la percepcion racional difiere entre la gente de la calle y los distintos profesionales dentales. Sin embargo, no se hallo suficiente evidencia en la literatura para poder afirmar que esto tambien ocurra con la percepcion emocional. EnglishDental esthetics is not only one of the most frequent reasons for orthodontic treatment, it is also the main criterion used by the patient to evaluate the results of such treatment. This lead us to consider if what the patient perceives as beautiful is the same as what the dental professional and the dental specialist understood as such. In January 2014, following the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses), a systematic review was conducted in order to determine if discrepancies, either rational or emotional, in the perception of dental aesthetics between these three groups has been referred to in the literature. An electronic and manual research was performed in the major databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, EMI and SciELO, and those articles published in English or Spanish in which participants performed an evaluation or choice of frontal images were selected. A total of 416 articles were obtained. After reading the title, the sample was reduced to 71 items, 53 of which were discarded after applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria and five because they were duplications. A total of 38 articles (38 cross-sectional studies) were analyzed. We conclude that rational perception differs between laypeople and dental professionals, but there is not enough evidence in the literature to support that this also happens with emotional perception.