Bacia hidrográfica do rio Manhuaçu

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1) realizar a caracterizacao ambiental da bacia do Rio Manhuacu e das principais sub-bacias; (2) descrever as atividades de gestao relacionadas ao manejo dentro da bacia do Rio Manhuacu e propor medidas que favorecam a restauracao florestal de APPs de nascentes. Foi utilizado um mosaico ASTER/DEM, com 30m de resolucao espacial e extraido hidrografia numerica da bacia e posterior delimitacao das sub-bacias acima de 4a ordem. Visitas as principais sub-bacias foram realizadas para melhor caracterizacao e descricao. A bacia do Rio Manhuacu possui 8.805,33 km² de area e e uma das principais sub-bacias do Rio Doce e compreende os estados de Minas Gerais e Espirito Santo, possui 31 sub-bacias acima de 4a odem, com a maior, Rio Jose Pedro, corresponde a 40% da area da bacia. A cultura cafeeira e predominante na regiao de cabeceira, ocorrendo uma transicao para a pecuaria leiteira em direcao a foz. Uma das principais atividades ocorrentes na bacia com a participacao dos comites e o cercamento de nascentes e o plantio de especies nativas. Atividades de protecao das nascentes sao importantes acoes para promocao da melhora na qualidade de agua, sendo necessaria a ampliacao e distribuicoes das nascentes protegidas no Rio Manhuacu. Tais atividades podem ser mais bem conduzidas com o plantio de mudas de qualidade e viveiros proximos ao local de plantio e ampliacao das medidas que garantam agua em quantidade e qualidade na bacia como forma de manejo integrado. Keywords: Public policies, Watersheds, Environmental management, Rio Doce Basin   Abstratc Manhuacu river Watershed has an area of 8,805.33 km² and is one of the main sub-basins of the Doce River, comprising the states of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo. The objectives of this work were: (1) to carry out the environmental characterization of the Manhuacu River watershed and its main sub-watershed; (2) describe activities related to the protection of springs in the Manhuacu River watershed and propose measures that favor the forest restoration of springs in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA). An ASTER / DEM mosaic was used, with 30m of spatial resolution and extracted numerical hydrography of the watershed as well as subsequent delimitation of the sub-watersheds above 4th order. Visits to the main sub- watershed were made for better characterization and description. It was observed that the major watershed has 31 sub-watersheds above the 4th order. The largest one is Jose Pedro River sub-watershed that corresponds to 40% of the total area. Coffee culture is predominant in the river head region, transitioning to dairy farming towards the mouth. Setting up fences and planting native species around springs are some of the main actions in the watershed supported by watershed committees. The protection of springs is an important measure to improve water quality. Therefore, increasing the number of protected springs in the Manhuacu River watershed is required. Such activities can be better conducted with the planting of quality seedlings and setting up nurseries close to the planting site, as wells as expanding measures that guarantee water in quantity and quality in the watershed as a form of integrated management.