Histomorphological analysis of testicular lesions

Background: Testis is affected by both non neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. Non-neoplastic causes include undescended testis, vascular lesions, atrophy, cysts, infections and infertility. Testicular tumors are although relatively rare, incidence of testicular neoplasm in western countries has been rising since past 50 years. Constitute 4th most common cause of death from neoplasia in a younger male. Objectives: To study various lesions of testis, their incidence and age wise distribution of testicular lesions. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of all 100 orchidectomy specimens was conducted between July 2012 to June 2014(2yrs), at department of pathology SNMC Bagalkot and peripheral centres. Histopathological examination was done after routine processing and staining with H&E. Results: Non-neoplastic lesions of the testis are most common in the 5th decade, while malignancy is common in 3rd decade of life. 86% were non neoplastic and 14% were neoplastic. Youngest patient is 11 yr old and oldest is 80 yrs old. Testicular swelling was main chief complaint and left side testis affected more with an incidence 35%. Testicular torsion was most common benign lesion and seminoma was most common tumour with incidence of 50% diagnosed in malignant lesions. 14% of lesions were of undescended testis but none showed malignancy. Conclusion: Despite new techniques in imaging and tumor marker assay the diagnosis of testicular lesions is primarily dependent upon histopathological examination. Key words: Undescended testis, Testicular torsion, Neoplasms, Histopathology, Testis