VARIATIONS IN SURFACE VELOCITIES OF TIDEWATER GLACIERS OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA BETWEEN THE PERIODS 1988-1991 AND 2000-2003

2014 
ABSTRACT. In the Antarctic Peninsula, recent events of glacier retreat, disintegration and break-up of ice shelves indicated that ice masses in this region are reactingrapidly to the increasing trend in oceanic and surface air temperatures. This study aimed to define variations in ice flow velocity of tidewater glaciers between theperiods of 1988-1991 and 2000-2003, in northeastern, northwestern and midwestern Marguerite Bay and Larsen C ice shelf sectors. Glacier velocities were estimatedby the application of a cross-correlation algorithm of IMCORR software in multitemporal LANDSAT TM/ETM+ images. Moreover, we used monthly mean oceanic andair temperature data from OCCAM and ERA-Interim models, respectively. Ice flow velocities on the northeastern sector was 0.24 ± 0.12 md–1 in the period 1988-1991, while in 2000-2002 it was 0.06 ± 0.02 md–1. In the northwestern part of the peninsula, the mean glacier velocity was 0.10 ± 0.005 md–1 between 1989 and1990, and 0.22 ± 0.13 md–1 between 2000 and 2001. In the Midwestern sector, the mean velocity of glaciers was 1.06 ± 0.86 md–1 in the period 1989-1991, and0.84 ± 0.78 md–1 in the period 2000-2001. In Marguerite Bay, the velocity was 1.28 ± 0.77 md–1 in the period 1988-1989, characterized by temperatures near0◦C in the Bellingshausen Sea, while in the period 2000-2001, with mean ocean temperatures close to –2◦C, the mean glacier velocity was significantly lower, of0.23± 0.12 md–1. Finally, in Larsen C ice shelf, the mean velocity ranged from 0.80± 0.20 md–1, between 1988 and 1989, to 0.15 ±0.10 md–1, between 2000 and2003. The higher speed of flow of tidewater glaciers between 1988 and 1991 occurred in a period when the mean surface air and sea temperatures also were higher. Keywords: Antarctic Peninsula, remote sensing, glacier dynamics. RESUMO. Na Peninsula Antartica, recentes eventos de retracao de frentes de geleiras, desintegracao e fragmentacao de plataformas de gelo indicam que asmassas de gelo dessa regiao estao reagindo rapidamente a tendencia de aumento nas temperaturas oceânicas e do ar superficial. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinarvariacoes na velocidade superficial de fluxo de geleiras de mare dessa peninsula entre os periodos 1988-1991 e 2000-2003, nos setores nordeste, noroeste,centro-oeste, baia Marguerite e plataforma de gelo Larsen C. Essas variacoes foram estimadas pela aplicacao do algoritmo de correlacao cruzada do programaIMCORR em imagens multitemporais LANDSAT TM/ETM+. Alem disso, foram utilizados dados de temperatura media mensal oceânica e do ar superficial dosmodelos OCCAM e ERA-Interim, respectivamente. No setor nordeste a velocidade media das geleiras foi de 0,24 ± 0,12 md–1 no periodo 1988-1991, e em2000-2002 foi de 0,06 ± 0,02 md–1. No setor noroeste a velocidade de fluxo encontrada foi de 0,10 ± 0,005 md–1, entre 1989 e 1990, e de 0,22 ± 0,13 md–1,entre 2000 e 2001. No setor centro-oeste, a velocidade foi de 1,06 ± 0,86 md–1 entre 1989 e 1991, e de 0,84 ± 0,78 md–1 entre 2000 e 2001. Na Baia Marguerite,a velocidade superficial das geleiras foi de 1,28 ± 0,77 md–1 no periodo 1988-1989, com temperaturas medias proximas a 0◦C no mar de Bellingshausen, enquantoque no periodo 2000-2001, com temperaturas medias proximas a -2◦C foi estimada uma velocidade media de 0,23±0,12 md–1. Nas geleiras tributarias da plataformade gelo Larsen C, a velocidade oscilou de 0,80 ± 0,20 md–1, em 1988-1989, para 0,15 ± 0,10 md–1, em 2000-2003. A maior velocidade de fluxo das geleirasde mare entre 1988 a 1991 ocorreu em um periodo em que as medias de temperatura do ar superficial e oceânica tambem estavam mais elevadas. Palavras-chave: Peninsula Antartica, sensoriamento remoto, dinâmica glacial.
    • Correction
    • Source
    • Cite
    • Save
    • Machine Reading By IdeaReader
    22
    References
    2
    Citations
    NaN
    KQI
    []