Aspectos motivacionais de acadêmicos de medicina: perspectivas profissionais e atuação na Estratégia Saúde da Família

This study aimed to characterize the motivational aspects of medical academics in relation to their professional perspectives and performances in the Family Health Strategy (FHS).It is a descriptive-exploratory study, of a qualitative nature that had the participation of 31 students from two higher education institutions of Campo Grande - MS. Data collection took place in the period from November 2017 to December 2018 and it was done through: 1 - documentary analysis of the Political Educational Project of both institutions and 2 - interviews with academics of the first and sixth years of such universities. The final sample was determined by the saturation of the data. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to the technique of content analysis, advocated by Bardin. The analytical categories were created based on the theoretical reference of Deci and Ryan: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and demotivation. The nuclei of meaning related to the intrinsic motivational aspects emerged from the discourses: social compassion and personal values; interdisciplinarity, teamwork and insertion in the community; identification with the health area; and to extrinsic motivational aspects: family influence; economic stability; work in the FHS as a source of temporary income; positive experiences from the teaching-service integration; and family and personal concerns. In the demotivation category were gathered the nuclei, namely: the hegemony of medical specialties X family and community medicine (FCM); social pressure; precarious working conditions and remuneration; lack of knowledge of the FHS; and low quality of insertion in the Family Health Unit during graduation. The FHS appears as a temporary work opportunity as to earn income and to continue studying until approval in a medical residency program in another area. It was notorious that the ideology of work in the FHS captivates the academics; however, the extrinsic forces generate demotivation resulting in the non-choice of the FCM as a career. In this way, it is fundamental to explore in medical students the intrinsic motivational potential, as well as to develop strategies to break the barriers and the extrinsic factors that limit and paralyze the decision making in favor of the FHS.