On-line Raman spectroscopy of calcite and malachite during irradiation with swift heavy ions

Abstract A new on-line Raman System, which was installed at the M3-beamline at the UNILAC, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt was used for first “ in situ ” spectroscopic measurements. Calcite and malachite samples were irradiated in steps between 1 × 10 9 and 1 × 10 12  ions/cm 2 with Au ions (calcite) and Xe ions (malachite) at an energy of 4.8 MeV/u. After irradiation, calcite revealed a new Raman band at 437 cm −1 and change of the full width at half maximum for the 1087 cm −1 Raman band. The Raman bands of malachite change significantly with increasing fluence. Up to a fluence of 7 × 10 10  ions/cm 2 , all existing bands decrease in intensity. Between 8 × 10 10 and 1 × 10 11  ions/cm 2 a broad Cu 2 O band between 110 and 220 cm −1 occurs, which superimposes the pre-existing Raman bands. Additionally, a new broad band between 1000 and 1750 cm −1 is formed, which is interpreted as a carbon coating. In contrast to the Cu 2 O band, the carbon band vanished when further irradiating the sample. The installations as well as first in situ measurements at room temperature are presented.