Marine microorganisms: Potential application and challenges

Marine environment is an enormous pool of biodiversity resources that covers approximately 70% surface of the earth and one of organism inhabit these environment is microorganisms. Marine microorganisms have unique properties since they have to adapt to extreme marine environment condition such as high or low temperature, alkaline or acidic water, high pressure and limited substrate in the deep-sea water. These distinctive characteristics have attracted many researchers to explore in depth since there is the potential of marine microorganisms used in industry. In this review, we will focus primarily on marine microorganisms that provide biotechnological potential such as in enzymes industry and pharmaceutical products. We also discuss an overview of the challenge facing by researchers in order to explore and exploit the marine reservoir.