Functional surfaces of laser-microstructured silicon coated with thermoresponsive PS/PNIPAM polymer blends: Switching reversibly between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity

Abstract We developed functional surfaces of laser-microstructured silicon coated with blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and we study their switching wetting behavior between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Large areas of silicon are processed with reproducible surface micromorphology and spin-coated with PS/PNIPAM blends of two blend ratios. The wetting behavior of the surfaces is modified by the combination of surface topography and surface chemistry effects. PS/PNIPAM films are casted on flat and microstructured silicon substrates with or without a native SiO2 layer. All films respond to the stimulus of temperature and films casted on microstructured silicon substrates with a native SiO2 layer show the highest thermoresponsiveness presumably because they adopt a more favorable structure. Microstructuring provides a large specific area that extends the contact of PNIPAM chains with water molecules according to the Wenzel model, and thus increasing the film thermoresponsiveness, resulting in a reversible transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity upon heating. The absence of the native SiO2 layer from the silicon substrates affects the PS and PNIPAM arrangement in the films, increasing the water contact angle both below and above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM and decreasing their thermoresponsiveness.