Correlation between Glomerulopathy and Retinopathy in an African Population of Type 2 Diabetics

Introduction: Diabetic microangiopathies are common, but their time to onset in a diabetic patient varies from subject to subject. The aim of our study was to study the correlation between renal and ophthalmic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods: This longitudinal, analytical study took place from March 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 at the Abass Ndao University Hospital Center. It was studying retinal involvement in diabetic patients with glomerulopathy. Results: Of the 100 cases of diabetic glomerulopathy, they are divided into 70 women and 30 men with an average age of 58.2 years. The average duration of diabetes was 6.1 years and their average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.1%. Only 37% of patients had an HbA1c level below 7%. The other cardiovascular risk factors were high blood pressure (HBP) (39%), dyslipidemia (36%), and obesity (15%). Among these patients, diabetic retinopathy was present in 21% of the cases. Retinopathies were more frequent in the group of patients diagnosed with diabetes for less than 6 years (69%) and in patients with chronic renal disease with slightly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (34%). Conclusion: Our study allowed us to conclude that during the course of type 2 diabetes, the onset of chronic kidney disease does not systematically imply the presence of diabetic retinopathy. It is thus important to make screenings and assessments of systematic complications.