Alkalibacterium gilvum sp. nov., slightly halophilic and alkaliphilic lactic acid bacterium isolated from soft and semi-hard cheeses.
2013
Nine novel strains of halophilic and alkaliphilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from European soft and semi-hard cheeses by using a saline, alkaline medium (7 % NaCl, pH 9.5) were taxonomically characterized. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, non-sporulating and non-motile. They lacked catalase and quinones. Under anaerobic cultivation conditions, lactate was produced from d-glucose with the production of formate, acetate and ethanol with a molar ratio of approximately 2 : 1 : 1. Under aerobic cultivation conditions, acetate and lactate were produced from d-glucose. The isolates were slightly halophilic, highly halotolerant and alkaliphilic. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth ranged between 2.0 % and 5.0 % (w/v), with a growth range of 0–1 % to 15–17.5 %. The optimum pH for growth ranged between 8.5 and 9.5, with a growth range of 7.0–7.5 to 9.5–10.0. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates occupied a phylogenetic position within the genus
Alkalibacterium
, showing the highest sequence similarity (98.2 %) to
Alkalibacterium kapii
T22-1-2T. The isolates constituted a single genomic species with DNA–DNA hybridization values of 79–100 % among the isolates and <29 % between the isolates and other members of the genus
Alkalibacterium
, from which the isolates were different in motility and flagellation, growth responses to NaCl concentrations and pH, and profiles of sugar fermentation. The DNA G+C contents were between 36.0 and 37.6 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4β, Orn-d-Asp. The major components of cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω9c. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and genetic distinctness, the isolates are classified as a novel species within the genus
Alkalibacterium
, for which the name Alkalibacterium gilvum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3AD-1T ( = DSM 25751T = JCM 18271T).
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