Occurrence and Maternal Transfer of Multiple Bisphenols, Including an Emerging Derivative with Unexpectedly High Concentrations, in the Human Maternal–Fetal–Placental Unit
2020
In
this study, a set of 15 bisphenols (BPs) and one emerging derivative
(4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone, BPSIP) were analyzed in
60 pairs of maternal plasma, cord plasma, and placenta samples from
pregnant women in South China. A total of 4 of the 15 target BPs,
i.e., BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol E
(BPE), were frequently detected in the three human biological matrixes.
The derivative BPSIP was identified in all maternal plasma samples
at unexpectedly high levels, second only to BPA. The concentrations
of bisphenols in maternal plasma were slightly higher than in cord
plasma for BPA, BPS, and BPE but much higher for BPSIP and much lower
for BPAF, indicating that the five frequently detected bisphenols
have different placental transfer behaviors. The placental transfer
efficiencies (PTEs) of BPA, BPS, and BPE were similar, which were
significantly higher than the PTE of BPSIP. The PTE of BPAF was much
higher than other BPs, indicating its strong maternal transfer and
high fetal accumulation. The PTEs of bisphenols were structure-dependent,
and passive diffusion was suggested as the potential mechanism of
placental transfer. Significant concentration correlations of the
five major bisphenols between maternal plasma and cord plasma were
observed (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, significant associations
of BPAF concentrations in maternal/cord plasma with some maternal
characteristics and adverse birth outcomes were also identified (p < 0.05).
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