Steroid hormones sulfatase inactivation extends lifespan and ameliorates age-related diseases

Aging and fertility are two interconnected processes. From invertebrates to mammals, absence of the germline increases longevity by a still not fully understood mechanism. We find that loss of function of sul-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans steroid sulfatase (STS), raises the pool of sulfated steroid hormones and increases longevity. This increased longevity requires factors involved in germline-mediated longevity (daf-16, daf-12, kri-1, tcer-1 and daf-36 genes) and is not additive to the longevity of germline-less mutants. Noteworthy, sul-2 mutations do not affect fertility. Thus, STS inactivation affects the germline signalling process regulating longevity. Interestingly, sul-2 is only expressed in sensory neurons, suggesting a regulation of germline longevity by environmental cues. We also demonstrate that treatment with the specific STS inhibitor STX64, reproduces the longevity phenotype of sul-2 mutants. Remarkably, STS inhibition by either mutation or drug treatment ameliorates protein aggregation diseases in C. elegans models of Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer, as well as Alzheimer disease in a mammalian model. These results open the possibility of reallocating steroid sulfatase inhibitors for the treatment of aging and aging related diseases.