Downstream Impacts of Soil Conservation in the Himalayan Region

1987 
Of India's 328 million hectare area, 175 million hectare are experiencing intensive soil erosion as a result of extensive deforestation and poor land management. The Lesser Himalaya and Siwaliks are some of the most seriously affected areas. This paper outlines the underlying geology and climate partly responsible for their high degree of vulnerability to soil erosion. Careful soil and water conservation measures, when applied to small mountain catchments, can significantly reduce soil losses, correct hydrological imbalances, and improve agricultural and forestry productivity, leading in turn to a reduction in the rate of reservoir siltation. Data from specific treatments are introduced. It is concluded that greatly accelerated implementation of these measures is now urgently needed. RESUME Impact en aval des mesures de conservation du sol dans la region himalayenne. Sur les 328 millions d'hectares de l'Inde, 175 millions sont soumis a une 6rosion intense du sol duie a une d6forestation extensive et une mauvaise gestion des terres. L'Himalaya inf6rieur et la chaine des Siwalik sont parmi les zones les plus s6rieusement touch6es. Cette 6tude examine les facteurs geologiques et climatiques qui contribuent a cette grande vulnerabilit6 a l'6rosion du sol. Des mesures appropriees de conservation du sol et de l'eau, appliqubes aux petites zones de captation des eaux dans les montagnes, peuvent sensiblement r6duire les pertes de sol, redresser les d6s6quilibres hydrologiques, ameliorer la productivit6 agricole et forestiere, et en cons6quence r6duire l'accumulation de s6diments dans les r6servoirs. Des donn6es relatives a certains traitements particuliers sont pr6sent6es. La conclusion en est que ces mesures doivent 8tre appliqu6es d'urgence.
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