Targeted dendrimer chemotherapy in an animal model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose Nanoparticle drug delivery offers a potential solution in the treatment of cancer. Using a heterotopic tumor model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), tumors of variable folate binding protein–alpha (FBP-α) have been treated to delineate receptor necessity as well as efficacy and toxicity of folate targeted chemotherapy. Materials and Methods University of Michigan Squamous Cell Carcinoma (UM-SCC) and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) cell lines were screened using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for FBP-α expression. Acetylated generation 5 dendrimers conjugated to the targeting moiety folic acid and the therapeutic moiety methotrexate were fabricated and administered to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) CB-17 mice inoculated with UM-SCC-1, UM-SCC-17B, and UM-SCC-22B cancer cells. Mice were injected with targeted therapy, free methotrexate, or saline control and monitored for drug efficacy and toxicity. Results Targeted therapy was effective relative to receptor level expression. Targeted therapy could be delivered in molar doses 3 times that of free drug. The treatment of a high folate expression tumor cell population was noted to have increased efficacy over saline ( P P = .03) as well as decreased systemic toxicity. Conclusions This report represents the first translation of dendrimer-based chemotherapy to HNSCC and underscores its effectiveness as an antitumor agent in human cancer cell lines with lower levels of FBP-α than the in vitro and in vivo models previously reported.