Influence of caffeine on metabolic responses of men at rest in 28 and 5 degrees C.

Cold stress and caffeine ingestion are each reported to increase plasma catecholamines, free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, and energy metabolism. This study examined the possible interaction of these two metabolic challenges in four double-blind counterbalanced trials. Young adult men (n = 6) ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (dextrose, 5 mg/kg) and rested for 2 h in 28 or 5 degrees C air. Cold stress alone elevated (P less than 0.05) plasma norepinephrine, metabolism (O2 consumption, VO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Caffeine alone increased (P less than 0.05) plasma epinephrine and FFA but not RER. When the two challenges were combined (caffeine plus 5 degrees C for 2 h) norepinephrine and epinephrine were increased (P less than 0.05) as was FFA. However, VO2, RER, and skin and rectal temperatures were not different from the responses observed at 5 degrees C after placebo ingestion. The data suggest that caffeine selectively increases plasma epinephrine, whereas cold air increases nore...