Automatic control system for variable seeding and fertilization and multifunctional planter

The invention discloses an automatic control system for variable seeding and fertilization and a multifunctional planter. The multifunctional planter comprises a power system, a rack, a rotary-plowing and ditching system, a sowing system and a fertilizing system. The control system comprises ground wheels, a rotary code disc, a servo motor, a server and a single-chip microcomputer. A program of a function formula f (Q) = (n, v) of the sowing quantity (Q) of the planter versus the rotation speed n of the seeding axle and the forward speed v of the planter is written into the single-chip microcomputer. The ground wheels rows in drainage ditches so as to advance synchronously with the whole machine; the forward speed v of the ground wheels is measured in real time by using the rotary code disc; a pulse signal is sent to the single-chip microcomputer; the single-chip microcomputer calculates the rotation speed of the seeding axle according to the sowing quantity and the forward speed of the planter, and transmits a signal to the server; the server controls the output rotation speed of the direct-current servo motor by transmitting a pulse signal; and the servo motor directly drives rotation of the seeding axle. According to the invention, the overall structure is reasonable. The whole system forms a closed-loop control system and can meet the requirements of accurate and variable seeding and fertilization.