[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama. Etiologic agent, epidemiologic and clinical aspects].

: From November 1985 to December 1988, 33 patients were enrolled at Santo Tomas Hospital and Gorgas Memorial Laboratory to study the etiology, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Seventeen were males and 16 females, 14 to 80 years old from the endemic rural areas of the provinces of Panama, Colon, Cocle, Darien, Veraguas, Bocas del Toro and San Blas. In 8 patients the respiratory mucosa involvement occurred at the time of the primary infection and 25 had the involvement after an incubation period of 2 to 30 years. Twenty one of these 25 patients had a clear history of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the characteristic depressed and hyperpigmented scar of a previous leishmanial infection. The Montenegro skin test was positive in all the patients, serology in 84%, direct smear in 47%, histopathology in 37% and culture in 26%. The strains were characterized as L. braziliensis panamensis by electrophoresis of isoenzymes. Possible risk factors in development of MCL were found to be female sex and the lack of past treatment of CL. The mucosal involvement was mild in the majority of the patients, the infection was localized in the nasal mucosal (nasal septum and inferior turbinate) in 91% of the patients, and the most common symptoms were epistaxis, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.