Indicator Methods for Measurement of Organ and Tissue Blood Flow

The sections in this article are: 1 Basic Concepts 1.1 Systemic Steady State 1.2 Indicators 2 Indicator-Dilution Methods 2.1 Constant Infusion (Stewart Principle) 2.2 Constant Infusion with Constant Recirculation (Fick Principle) 2.3 Bolus Injection (Henriques-Hamilton-Bergner Principle) 2.4 Flow by Indicator Fractionation (Sapirstein Principle) 3 Flow Measurement by Indicator Mean Transit Time 3.1 Noncompartmental Analysis 3.2 Compartmental Analysis 4 Practical Applications of Indicator Methods for Blood Flow Measurements in Individual Tissues 4.1 Cutaneous Tissue 4.2 Subcutaneous Tissue 4.3 Myocardium 4.4 Skeletal Muscle 4.5 Myometrium 4.6 Brain 4.7 Kidney 4.8 Lungs 4.9 Liver 4.10 Cardiac Output