Mandibular width as a novel anthropometric measure for assessing obstructive sleep apnea risk

Craniofacial abnormalities are a known obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk factor, but still need to be better characterized. This study investigates the relationship between mandibular width and the risk of developing OSA. We retrospectively analyzed 3D reconstructions of head and neck computed tomography (CT) scans at our institution for mandibular width, neck circumference, neck fat volume (NFV), airway volume (AWV), and NFV:AWV ratio. Age, gender, and BMI were also documented. Patients were contacted to complete a STOP-BANG survey to assess OSA risk. Only patients with reconstructable scans and completed STOP-BANG questionnaires were included in the study. Survey results were analyzed to assess the correlation between mandible width and STOP-BANG. Mandible association was also compared to the associations of the other known risk factors. The final analysis included 427 patients with a mean age of 58.98 years (standard deviation = 16.77), 56% of whom were male. Mandibular width was found to positively correlate with STOP-BANG score (r = .416, P  84.40 mm) was predominantly seen in high risk patients. Mandible width expressed a stronger association than NFV:AWV ratio, but neck circumference and NFV had stronger associations than did mandible width. In addition to previously documented OSA risk factors, mandibular width is positively correlated with OSA as an independent risk factor. Observation of a wide mandible (jaw) should raise awareness of OSA risk and increase screening methods when appropriate.