Respiratory distress due to a posterior mediastinal mass following failed repair of esophageal atresia

Respiratory distress due to masses in the posterior mediastinum have been extensively described, including duplication cysts of the esophagus. Retained esophagus following failed repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and esophageal replacement was described only once. Double atresia and midportion esophageal cyst is also a rare entity. We describe a baby with respiratory distress following esophageal replacement for failed repair of EA with tracheoesophageal fistula who was cured by the removal of an overlooked mediastinal cystic mass of esophageal origin at the age of 16 months.