Thermodynamics of Markov processes with nonextensive entropy and free energy
2020
Statistical thermodynamics of small systems shows dramatic differences from normal systems. Parallel to the recently presented steady-state thermodynamic formalism for master equation and Fokker-Planck equation, we show that a "thermodynamic" theory can also be developed based on Tsallis' generalized entropy S^{(q)}= summation operator_{i=1}^{N}(p_{i}-p_{i}^{q})/[q(q-1)] and Shiino's generalized free energy F^{(q)}=[ summation operator_{i=1}^{N}p_{i}(p_{i}/pi_{i})^{q-1}-1]/[q(q-1)], where pi_{i} is the stationary distribution. dF^{(q)}/dt=-f_{d}^{(q)}=0 and it is zero if and only if the system is in its stationary state. dS^{(q)}/dt-Q_{ex}^{(q)}=f_{d}^{(q)}, where Q_{ex}^{(q)} characterizes the heat exchange. For systems approaching equilibrium with detailed balance, f_{d}^{(q)} is the product of Onsager's thermodynamic flux and force. However, it is discovered that the Onsager's force is nonlocal. This is a consequence of the particular transformation invariance for zero energy of Tsallis' statistics.
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