A közösségi anyagcsere vizsgálata anaerob deklorináció során = Investigations on the community metabolism in anaerobe dechlorination
2013
A rovidszenlancu alifas klorozott szenhidrogenek gyakori talajvizszennyezők hazankban. A perkloreten, trikloreten biologiai bontasa hatekony folyamat, megis nagy sebessegkulonbsegek jellemzők kulonboző szennyezett teruleteken. A reduktiv deklorinacioban a klorozott vegyuletek elektronakceptorok, elektrondonor a hidrogen, vagy kis molekulatomegű szerves vegyuletek. A folyamat elindulasahoz a deklorinalo bakteriumoknak felul kell kerekedniuk a kompetitor mikrobakon, amelyek szinten hidrogent es szerves vegyuleteket hasznositanak. Szennyezett teruletekről szarmazo mikrobakozossegek szerkezetet, tagjainak szerepet laboratoriumi korulmenyek kozott polifazikus modszerekkel vizsgaltuk, uj molekularis technikakat vezettunk be a mikrobak kozotti anyagcsere-kapcsolatok megertesere. Megallapitottuk, hogy sikeres deklorinalo kozossegben jellemző a Dehalococcoides ethenogenes dominanciaja; a mikrobialis diverzitas csokkenese. A lebontas folyamatat fermentalo szervezetek jelenlete lassitja, akarcsak a kometabolikus partnerek gatlasa. Hatekony bontas soran biofilm kialakulasa jellmező es elengedhetetlen kellő mennyisegű hozzaferhető szerves anyag jelenlete. Negy uj modszert (MDA, SNuPE, SEM es FISH) optimaltunk a deklorinalo mikroba kozosseg vizsgalatara. Megallapitottuk, hogy a valos aktivitassal jobban korrelalo RNS alapu vizsgalatok szuksegesek a deklorinacioban resztvevő mikrobialis kapcsolatok feltarasahoz. | Chlorinated short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons are common groundwater pollutants in Hungary. Biological decomposition of perchloroethene and trichloroethene is effective process, though speed of decomposition extremely differ in different sites. At reductive dechlorination chlorinated hydrocarbons serve as electron acceptors, H2 or small organic compounds act as donors. At startup of degradation dechlorinating microbes have to outcompete compeptitor microbes utilising similarly H2 and organic compounds. Microbial communities originating from different polluted sites and the role of their members in the community dechlorinating metabolism were investigated under controlled laboratory microcosm experiments using polyphasic approach, and by introducing new techniques. It could be determined that effective dechlorinating communities are characterised by the dominance of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes, and a simplification of the original diversity. The presence of fermenting microbes retards the speed of degradation; the inhibition of co-metabolic partners acts similarly. Effective degradation is characterised by Dehalococcoides spp. biofilm formation, and presence of adequte available organic compounds is indispensable. Four novel methods (MDA, SNuPE, SEM and FISH) were optimised for the investigation of dechlorinating communities. RNA based investigations better correlate real activities thus their use is indispensable in the investigation of microbial metabolic interactions.
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