Prospective randomized controlled trial of postoperative early intravesical chemotherapy with pirarubicin (THP) for solitary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer comparing single and two-time instillation

Purpose Single immediate intravesical instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) has been the gold standard treatment for patients with low- and intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Herein, we conducted a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in Japan, comparing recurrence-free survival between single and two-time instillation of pirarubicin (THP) for solitary NMIBC.