Current use of patient-reported outcomes in pediatric limb deformity surgery.

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are critical to evaluate the natural history of conditions and treatment effects, but have not been well studied in pediatric limb deformity. The goal of this study was to identify and assess the most commonly used PROs in pediatric limb deformity surgery across a representative sample of the recent orthopedic literature. A review was performed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 in five orthopedic journals previously identified as having the greatest impact: Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, Journal of Children's Orthopaedics, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and The Bone and Joint Journal. Clinical research studies involving pediatric population, operative management of limb deformity, and PRO measures were reviewed. The initial search of 3489 publications found 130 clinical articles involving operative management of pediatric limb deformity. Thirty-one studies (24%) met inclusion criteria, in which a total of 23 different PRO instruments were used. An average of 1.5 PRO instruments was reported per study (range 1-4). No outcome instrument was used by more than five different studies in this review, and no instrument validated in the pediatric population was used by more than three different studies. PROs currently used in pediatric limb deformity surgery are highly heterogeneous, as well as underutilized. Future research is necessary to either validate a current PRO in pediatric limb deformity or to develop a new instrument using pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System or Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument as a benchmark.