Quantification of gadodiamide as Gd in serum, peritoneal dialysate and faeces by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and comparative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract An inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method for determination of gadodiamide as Gd in serum, peritoneal dialysate and faeces was developed. The within-day and between-day precision for determination of Gd in serum and peritoneal dialysate were 0.60–2.9 and 1.8–4.4%, respectively, and the accuracy was 98.0–99.3%. The quantification limits in serum and peritoneal dialysate were 6.5 and 1.6 μM Gd, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision determination of gadolinium in faeces were 1.0–5.3 and 2.2–7.9%, respectively, and the accuracy was 104–116%. The quantification limit was 11 nmol Gd/g dry weight. For the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the within-day precision in determination of gadodiamide in peritoneal dialysate was 1.2% and the accuracy was 103%. The quantification limit was 0.9 μM Gd. Comparative analysis of gadodiamide in serum and peritoneal dialysate from severely impaired renal patients by ICP-AES and HPLC revealed no metabolism of chelator or transmetallation of gadolinium, even in samples obtained as long as 7 days after dosing. Furthermore, the ICP-AES determination of Gd in faeces allows for the determination of faeces content of Gd corresponding to less than 0.1% of a clinical dosage of a Gd-based contrast medium.