Myocardial depressant effects of desflurane: mechanical and electrophysiologic actions in vitro.

Background: The authors determined whether desflurane altered myocardial excitation-contraction coupling and electrophysiologic behavior in the same manner as isoflurane and sevoflurane. Methods: The effects of desflurane on isometric force in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles were studied in modified standard and in 26 mM K + Tyrode solution with 0.1 μM isoproterenol. Desflurane effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release were also determined by examining its actions on rat papillary muscles, guinea pig papillary muscles in low-Na + Tyrode solution, and rapid cooling contractures. Normal and slow action potentials were recorded using a conventional microelectrode technique. Ca 2+ and K + currents of guinea pig ventricular myocytes were examined. Results: Desflurane (5.3% and 11.6%) decreased peak force to approximately 70% and 40% of the baseline, respectively, similar to the effects of equianesthetic isoflurane concentrations. With isoproterenol in 26 mM K + Tyrode solution, desflurane markedly depressed late peaking force and modestly depressed early peak force. The rested state contractions of rat myocardium or guinea pig myocardium in low-Na + Tyrode solution were modestly depressed, whereas rapid cooling contractures were virtually abolished after desflurane administration. Desflurane significantly prolonged the action potential duration. Desflurane reduced L-type Ca 2+ current and the delayed outward K + current but did not alter the inward rectifier K + current. Conclusions: Myocardial depression by desflurane is due to decreased Ca 2+ influx, whereas depolarization-activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release is modestly depressed, similar to the actions of isoflurane and sevoflurane. Desflurane depressed the delayed outward K + current associated with significant lengthening of cardiac action potentials.