Sampling Strategies in Dynamic Hyperpolarized NMR

Dynamic hyperpolarized (HP) metabolic imaging, using agents such as [1-13C]pyruvate, requires sampling strategies that accommodate space, time, and spectral domains. Nonrecoverable multinuclear magnetization is the feature of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) with the greatest impact on how different elements of MR pulse sequences can be used. This chapter introduces the features of hyperpolarized 13C MR metabolic imaging and the pulse sequences used to optimally sample these data.