A microarray platform for detecting disease-specific circulating miRNA in human serum.

Abstract Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as potential blood-based biomarkers for cancer and other critical diseases. To profile the expression levels of these tiny molecules, especially in a point-of-care setting, it is imperative to quantify them directly in complex biological fluids. Herein, we report the development of a microarray platform with carboxyl–polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a functional layer and aminated hairpin nucleic acid molecules as target-specific capture probes (CPs). Due to the anti-fouling effect conferred by the carboxyl–PEG layer, we could directly detect as little as 10 fM of miRNA targets in 20 µl of unprocessed human serum. In contrast to the conventional miRNA microarrays, our platform does not require RNA extraction, labeling and target amplification, thus significantly reducing both the sample preparation steps as well as the total assay duration. The use of specially designed hairpin CPs entails reliable discrimination of miRNA sequences with high sequence homology. A nanoparticle-based detection technique, with the help of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, offers excellent resolution down to a single molecule. With the capability of detecting disease-specific miRNA targets directly in human serum, our microarray platform has potential applications in rapid, minimally invasive clinical diagnostic assays.