Cytology and Pollination Biology of Lamiaceae: A Review
2018
Extensive cytological studies had revealed the presence of diploid, tetraploid,
hexaploid and octaploid species in the Family Lamiaceae. Chromosome numbers
vary from 2n=2x=14 in Salvia nemorosa to 2n=6x=102 in Stachys palustris
L. Diversification in the Family may be attributed to the presence of polyploidy
and aneuploidy. It is an eurypalynous family with pollen grains usually radially
symmetrical, isopolar, prolate-spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal or sub-oblate to
sub-prolate. Xenogamy is deeply rooted, and protandry or gynodioecy, especially
frequent in this family, maximizes cross-fertilization. Fruits consist of four oneseeded
nutlets (mericarps) formed within a persistent calyx, with seeds dehiscing
during the warmer months. Individual seeds are characterized by a prominent
attachment scar that is known as a mericarp plug
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