Association of serum pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) with beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Aim Beta-cell dysfunction is the critical determinant for type 2 diabetes. The novel PANcreatic DERived factor (PANDER) has been identified as interesting islet-secreted cytokine that might be involved in beta-cell dysfunction, a role that has n”ot been clinically elucidated yet. Therefore, this study was designed to study the potential clinical association of this cytokine with beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Methods Anthropometric parameters, routine biochemical markers and serum levels of PANDER were measured in 63 diabetic subjects including; recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with duration of diabetes ≤ 6 months and long-standing type 2 diabetic patients with duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years then compared to 16 healthy control volunteers. Proinsulin, C-peptide, insulin and PANDER were measured by ELISA. Beta-cell dysfunction was assessed by HOMA2-%β, proinsulin, proinsulin-to-insulin (PI/I) ratio and proinsulin-to-C-peptide (PI/C-pep) ratio. Relations among various parameters were studied using simple and multiple linear regressions. Results Serum PANDER levels were found to be significantly elevated in long-standing diabetics as compared to recently diagnosed diabetics and controls. In addition, PANDER was found to be significantly correlated negatively to HOMA2-%β, as well as positively to proinsulin, PI/I and PI/C-pep ratios. Conclusion PANDER is associated with beta-cell dysfunction in diabetic patients.