Distribution, biological diversity, and conservation of Chinese black truffle
2017
Truffles are hypogeous ascomycetes belonging to the genus Tuber , which produces edible ascocarps of high market value. Tuber indicum complex (Chinese black truffle) is mainly
distributed in the southwestern region of China (Yunnan and Sichuan).
It is the largest and most widely distributed wild trade edible species
of the genus Tuber in China. In our previous field
investigation on Tuber resources, we found some “black
truffle” under artificial cultivation in a chestnut forest
in Zunhua area of Hebei province, North China. Morphological and molecular
phylogenetic analysis revealed that the “black truffle”
was closely related to the T. formosanum and the T. indicum . Combining its geographical distribution and
host tree information, we recognized it as an ecotype of the T. indicum complex. These findings provide important information
for understanding the origin and evolution of the global Tuber genus and cultivation of Chinese black truffle. In addition, this
study also reveals the taxonomy and distribution status of wild resources
of the Chinese black truffle, and proposes some suggestions for the
protection and sustainable utilization of truffles in the future.
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