Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections treated by ceftazidime/avibactam.

Abstract Objectives The aim of present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial (MDR-GNB) infections treated with ceftazidime/avibactam during the period from September 2019 to June 2020 since ceftazidime/avibactam had been marketed in China. Methods Twenty MDR-GNB infected patients were retrospectively collected by using electronic medical record systems in West China hospital. Results For all of the 20 patients, the mean age was 54.5 ± 17.37 years and 14 (70%) were male. Pneumonia (n = 12, 60%), complicated intra-abdominal infection (n = 10, 50%), and bloodstream infection (n = 7, 35%) were the most common infection sources. Klebsiella pneumoniae (18/33) was the predominant pathogen. Fourteen-day clinical cure rate was achieved in 45%. The 14-day and 30-day mortality rates were 25% and 55%, respectively. However, no significant difference was found in 30-day mortality between the treatment of ceftazidime/avibactam monotherapy and combination regimens (p > 0.05). Three patients suffered from adverse drug reactions such as diarrhea. Conclusions No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam clinical failure and cure groups as salvage treatment of MDR-GNB infection.