Chemical Characteristics of the Cryosphere

Cryospheric chemistry is one of the most important research aspects of Cryospheric Science and has important impacts on the climatic and environmental changes. Studies of the chemical characteristics of the cryosphere have mainly focused on the spatial–temporal distribution, sources and processes of chemical components in the continental cryosphere (glaciers, ice sheets, snow cover, lake ice, and river ice), marine cryosphere (sea ice, submarine permafrost, and ice shelves), and aerial cryosphere along with their climate and environmental effects. Atmospheric chemical species emitted by anthropogenic activities and natural processes can be transported globally by atmospheric circulation and deposited into the cryosphere through wet and dry deposition.