The subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: Power spectral density analysis of neural intraoperative signals
2004
To test a new tool for the neurophysiological
identification of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN) during
stereotactic surgery for the implantation of
deep-brain-stimulation (DBS) electrodes, we analysed off-line
the intraoperative signals recorded from patients with
Parkinson’s disease. We estimated the power spectral density
(PSD) along each penetration track (8 patients, 13 sides) and
determined the spatial correlation of the PSD with the target
location estimated from neuroimaging procedures (“anatomical
target”), and with the final target location derived from
standard intraoperative neurophysiological procedures for STN
localization (“clinical target”). At each step we recorded the
‘on-line’ signal for 120 seconds; because the PSD was estimated
by calculating the periodogram for 6-second epochs of neural
signal, we had 20 epochs at each step. When the electrode track
crossed the STN, the PSD in the 0.25-2.5 kHz band increased,
peaking on average <0.5 mm cranial to the clinical target and
1.00±1.51 mm caudal to the anatomical target. When the track was
outside the nucleus, the PSD remained unchanged. Even on
recordings with low signal-tonoise ratio, off-line PSD analysis
of neural signals showed a good correspondence with the target
indicated by the surgical team. On-line intraoperative
estimation of the PSD may be a simple, reliable, rapid and
complementary approach to electrophysiological monitoring during
STN surgery for Parkinson’s disease.
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