Genetic Engineering to Improve Algal Biofuels Production

Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms with considerable potential as a source of bioenergy. Metabolic profiles, product yields, crop protection, and strain optimization influence production costs and therefore the feasibility of algal biofuels. Recent advances in microalgal genetic engineering offers the ability to generate transgenic strains with enhanced profiles for biofuel production. In this chapter we review the molecular tools and techniques developed for algae genetic engineering, including methods for genetic transformation and stable heterologous gene expression. Recent successes in algal genetic engineering to advance algal biofuels production are discussed, as well as potential ways to use molecular genetics for algal biotechnology in the future.