Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Uropathogenic Bacteria in Diabetic Patients at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Cameroon Region

Background Urinary tract infections constitute a major public health concern. The aim of the study is to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile of uropathogenic bacteria among diabetic individuals in the Diabetology Unit of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bafoussam Regional Hospital. Urine was collected in a sterile jar previously labelled. The microorganisms were isolated on agar medium and their final identification was carried out on the API20E gallery. The antibiogram was performed using agar diffusion methods. Results Escherichia coli (25.30%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.27%) were the most noticed species in the diabetic patients, whereas Escherichia coli (32.00%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.00%) were the most noticed in non-diabetic patients. There was a significant association between antibiotic resistance and diabetic status (for ceftriaxone: X2 = 23.78 and P-value < 0.001; for cefixime: X2 = 19.31 and P-value < 0.001; for ceftazidime: X2 = 9.45 and P-value = 0.008; for cefotaxime: X2 = 10.97 and P-value = 0.004; for cefepime: X2 = 27.93 and P-value < 0.001; and for ciprofloxacin: X2 = 11.13 and P-value = 0.003). Multidrug resistance rate against some bacterial species were higher in diabetic patients (62.50% for Escherichia coli, 63.16% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 78.57% for Staphylococcus aureus) compared with non-diabetic patients (37.50% for Escherichia coli, 36.84% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 21.43% for Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusions  This study revealed that there is an association between antibiotic resistance and diabetic status. Research and interventions must be focused on the elderly diabetic population in order to fight against the occurrence of drug-resistant uropathogenes.