Retracted: Non-invasive gliomas grading using bat algorithm

Gliomas is a malignant brain tumor that can be graded into four grades which are grade I, II, III and IV. The current invasive method used to diagnose the gliomas is found to lead to certain errors. Additionally, the manual grading process is tedious and time consuming. Thus, a non-invasive method of gliomas grading using Bat algorithm (BA) is proposed. The basic feature analysis of Minimum, Maximum and Mean of grey level values are used to analyse the characteristics of the gliomas grades. The BA is found to produce a promising performance towards gliomas grading of grade II, III and IV on hunded and fifty MRI brain images. The outcome of this study is expected to assist the doctors and radiologists in grading the gliomas non-invasively. An implementation and incorporation of other feature extraction techniques are recommended to improve the feature extraction results in the future.