Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation after Dissolution of a Thrombus in the Left Atrial Appendage.

Aim      To compare the incidence of cardiovascular complications (CVC) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) following thrombus dissolution in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and in patients with persistent AF without preceding LAA thrombosis. Material and methods  The main group included 43 patients who had been diagnosed with LAA thrombosis on the first examination, transesophageal echocardiography, and who showed dissolution of the thrombus on a repeated study performed after 7.1+2.0 weeks of the anticoagulant treatment. The control group consisted of 123 patients with a risk score >0 for men without LAA thrombosis and score >1 for women without LAA thrombosis according to the CHA2DS2‑VASc scale. The patients were followed up for 47.3±17.9 months. The following unfavorable outcomes were recorded: all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke or systemic thromboembolism, hemorrhagic stroke or severe bleeding, and myocardial infarction (MI). Results Unfavorable clinical outcomes were observed in 39.5 % of patients in the main group and in 3.3 % of patients in the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of ischemic stroke (relative risk (RR), 12.9; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 2.89–57.2), and MI (RR, 5.72; 95 % CI, 1.09–30.1) was higher in the main group. However, the number of MI cases in both groups and the number of stroke cases in the control group increased during the entire follow-up period, while the number of stroke cases rapidly increased only during the first year of follow-up. Conclusion In patients with persistent AF, the risk of CVC after LAA thrombus dissolution remains significantly higher than in patients with AF without LAA thrombosis.