PARTICIPATIVE MODELING AND PUBLIC POLICY: THE CASE OF AMERICAN WELFARE REFORM

A matrix-addressable device includes a number of metal column lines having a number of windows underlying locations of intersection where a number of metal row lines overlap or cross the column lines. Each of the windows has a length that is greater than the nominal width of the row line crossing the column line. A layer of a doped semiconductor overlaps each of the windows to electrically couple a number of emitters formed on the doped semiconductor to the column lines. Each of the metal row lines may include a number of windows positioned at the locations where the row and column lines overlap. Each of the windows has a length greater than a nominal width of the column line that the window overlays. A doped semiconductor layer covers each of the windows and is electrically coupled thereto. A number of apertures formed in the doped semiconductor layer aligned with the emitters to form an extraction grid. A layer of dielectric material may separate the column lines from the row lines.