The Characterization and Conservation of Aged Aluminum Alloys: Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion House

The Dymaxion House is a unique historic dwelling structure designed by Buckminster Fuller. Built in the 1940s, the house was constructed of modern materials, most notably aluminum, which formed the walls, roof and many of the structural elements. The challenge faced in reconstructing the Dymaxion House at Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village was to preserve the original structure as much as possible while simultaneously accommodating the needs of exhibition (i.e. to restore the visual appearance and ensure sufficient structural integrity to allow the entrance of visitors). The primary aluminum alloys used in the house are equivalent to the modern alloy designations 2014 and 2024; both extruded forms and Alclad sheets were used. The alloy composition, age-hardening characteristics, cladding layers, grain structure and corrosion products of the aged aluminum components of the Dymaxion House have been studied. The results of these studies were used in consultation with conservators, engineers and corrosion scientists to determine the most appropriate course of treatment.