Increased rate of osteoporosis, low lean mass, and fragility fractures in COPD patients: association with disease severity

Summary A very high rate of osteoporosis, fractures, and low lean mass was observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Disease severity was associated with bone and muscle adverse outcomes, while age ≥ 63.5 years old, low lean mass, higher iPTH, and a T-score below − 2.5 were all associated with higher risk of fracture.