Efficacy of calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) leaf extract on Haemonchus contortus mortality in vitro

Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is a feed plant that contains high tannins. Tanin in calliandra leaves can cause death in nematodes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of calliandra leaf extract, comprising optimum concentration and time, on mortality of Haemonchus contortus nematode. Calliandra leaves were extracted by 70% ethanol then analyzed for the tannin content. Twenty-five adult H. contortus nematodes were used for mortality test in vitro with a gradual concentration of calliandra leaf extract. The study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of six treatments and four replications. The treatment groups were as follow: R0 as negative control group given normal saline (0.9% NaCl), R1 as positive control (albendazole 10 mg/ml), R2 (10% calliandra leaf extract), R3 (25% calliandra leaf extract), R4 (50% calliandra leaf extract), and R5 (100% calliandra leaf extract). Extraction of calliandra leaves using 70% ethanol produced a tannin content of 5%. In vitro examination showed that administration of the calliandra extract had a significant effect (P<0.01) on mortality of H. contortus and showed an interaction between treatment and mortality time. A higher concentration of calliandra extract caused faster mortality of H. contortus. The concentration of 100% calliandra extract caused 100% mortality after 3 hours, while the concentration of 10%, 25%, and 50% caused 100% mortality after 4 hours. This study showed that calliandra leaf extract had an anthelmintic efficacy on H. contortus.