Learning from indigenous and local knowledge: The deep history of nature-based solutions

Abstract Indigenous and local communities have developed a rich array of nature-based technologies for water security built upon place-based knowledge-belief-practice systems evolved and adapted over many generations. In this chapter we explore the contribution of traditional knowledge to nature-based solutions for water and describe a variety of water sowing and harvesting practices from Africa, Latin America, and Europe—albarradas, sand dams, wetland enhancement, and infiltration enhancement systems. We also discuss three examples of nature-based, integrated water and land management systems from Hawai’i, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. These traditional practices can moderate runoff, increase infiltration and recharge of aquifers, increase or maintain dry season flows, minimize erosion and sedimentation, improve water quality, and improve resilience in the face of droughts and floods. Loss of traditional knowledge, along with the effects of colonialization, global market forces, migration, climate change, and ecosystem degradation all threaten the continued viability of these practices. As complements to gray water infrastructure, these nature-based solutions have proven to be resilient, enduring over many centuries and helping people address water insecurity successfully. Traditional practices provide valuable models for today and supporting Indigenous peoples and traditional communities so that their knowledge is not lost is critical.