International survey on high- and low-dose synacthen test and assessment of accuracy in preparing low-dose synacthen

OBJECTIVE: The short synacthen test (SST) is widely used to assess patients for adrenal insufficiency but the frequency and protocols used across different centres for the low-dose test (LDT) are unknown. This study aimed to survey centres and test the accuracy of ten different synacthen preparation strategies used for the LDT. METHODS: Members of six international endocrine societies were surveyed regarding diagnostic tests used for adrenal insufficiency, and in particular the SST. Synacthen was diluted for the LDT and concentrations measured using a synacthen ELISA. RESULTS: Survey responses were received from 766 individuals across 60 countries (52% adult, 45% paediatric endocrinologists). The SST is used by 98% of centres: 92% using high-dose (250 μg), 43% low-dose, and 37% both. Ten low-dose dilution methods were assessed and variation in synacthen concentration was demonstrated with intra-method coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 2.1% to 109%. The method using 5% dextrose as a diluent was the least variable (CV of 2.1%). The variation in dilution methods means that the dose of synacthen administered in a LDT may vary between 0.16 μg and 0.81 μg. CONCLUSIONS: The high-dose SST is the most popular diagnostic test of adrenal insufficiency but up to 72% of paediatric endocrinologists use a LDT. There is considerable variation observed both within and between low-dose synacthen dilution methods creating considerable risk of inaccurate dosing and thereby invalid results.